How to Cure Meat
Decide what kind of meat you'd like to use., If necessary, trim off any excess fat, tendons, or meat., For larger cuts of meat, consider stabbing the meat with a prong for better salt coverage., Decide whether you want to cure with a pre-mixed...
Step-by-Step Guide
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Step 1: Decide what kind of meat you'd like to use.
Ham is a popular choice for curing, but you can use anything from beef to venison and much more in between.
With a good piece of meat, you really can't go wrong, although the first-time curers might want to go with a more forgiving piece of meat, like pork belly or pork butt.
For the most part, use meats with whole muscle groups in their anatomical connection.
Pork loin and belly, beef hindquarter or brisket, mutton legs and even duck breast are popular cuts for dry-curing. -
Step 2: If necessary
Say you're trying to make Capicola charcuterie.
You might buy a boneless pork shoulder, and then cut the picnic end of the pork shoulder from the pork butt, leaving you with two distinct cuts of meat.
You can then use the picnic end of the shoulder in a sausage, for example, and the butt in your dry-cure charcuterie. , You don't have to stab the meat before applying the dry rub, but for certain cuts of meat — larger cuts or cuts like pork belly, which are often covered with a lining of fat — stabbing the meat allows the salt and nitrite mix to penetrate deeper into the meat, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the cure. , Dry-curing with salt will sap away the moisture from the meat and intensify the flavor of the meat, but it still won't eliminate the possibility of botulism spores germinating.To combat botulism, sodium nitrite is often used in combination with salt as "curing salts," "Instacure #1," and "pink salts." Botulism is a dangerous illness characterized by paralysis and respiratory problems caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.Consult manufacturer's instructions for how much curing salt to use alongside regular salt.
Usually, a 10:90 ratio of pink salt to regular salt is called for.
If you are particular about exactly what goes into your cured meat, it might be best to add the sodium nitrite on your own. (See next step.) Most casual curers, however, will find it easiest to use pre-mixed curing salts, where they won't have to fuss with the ratio of salt to sodium nitrite.
Why are pink salts pink? Manufacturers of pink salt purposely dye the salt for cooks so that they don't confuse curing salt with regular salt.
That's because, in large quantities, sodium nitrite is toxic.Accidentally using pink salt instead of regular salt in your chicken soup, for example, could be very unfortunate.
The pink dye itself does not influence the final color of the cured meat; the sodium nitrite does. , If you want to make your own curing salts, be sure to nail the ratio of sodium nitrite to salt.
For every 2 grams (0.071Â oz) of sodium nitrite, for example, use 1,000 grams (35.3Â oz) of salt.
Another way to do this is to take the total weight of your salt, multiply it by .002, and use that much sodium nitrite in your mix. , Spices add a rich dimension of flavor to your cured meats.
While it's important not to get too carried away and spice the meat to oblivion, a good spice mix will intensify flavors and add distinct profiles to your cures.
In a small spice grinder, grind up your spices and add them to the curing salt/salt mixture.
Here are some suggestions for spices to use:
Peppercorns.
Black, green, or white are essential in most spice mixes.
There's a reason they call peppercorns the "master spice." Sugar.
A little Demerara sugar adds a touch of caramel sweetness to your cure.
Coriander and mustard seed.
Adds smokiness to the meat.
Star anise.
Silky and slightly sweet, a little bit goes a long way.
Slightly nutty.
Fennel seed.
Adds a pleasantly green or grassy dimension to the cure.
Citrus zest.
Adds a light, pleasantly acidic element that cuts through fattier pieces of meat. , Cover a tray with parchment and line the bottom generously with your curing salt and spice mix.
Place your meat on the bed of curing salt (fat side up, if appropriate) and cover the top of the meat with your remaining mix for equal coverage.
If desired, cover the top of the meat with another piece of parchment, then another tray, and finally a pair of bricks or another heavy object to weight the meat down.
Do not use metal trays for this step without parchment.
The metal reacts with the salt and sodium nitrite.
If using a metal tray for underlayment, always use a piece of parchment between it and the salt mix.
If you have a round piece of meat and want to keep it (more or less) round, you don't have to weight it down.
The salt will do its job naturally.
Weighting down is preferable for a pork belly, for example, that you later want to roll into shape. , Allow for adequate airflow by leaving at least a small portion of the meat uncovered.
After 7 to 10 days, a lot of the moisture should have been drawn out by the salt. , Under cold water, remove as much of the salt/spice mix as possible and allow to briefly air-dry over an elevated rack.
Take a paper towel, as insurance, and wipe away any excess moisture before proceeding to the next step. , Most cured meats will not need to be rolled into shape at this point, but some will.
If you're taking pork belly, for example, and trying to make pancetta, you want to start with a rectangular piece of pork belly and roll up the longer end very tightly.
The tighter the roll, the less space there is for mold or other bacteria to inhabit.
If you are rolling the cured meat, it helps to start with an even square or, usually, rectangle.
Cut off pieces of meat on all four sides until you have a neat rectangle.
Save the scraps for soups or render off the fat separately. , Tightly wrapping the meat in cheesecloth will help wick away any moisture that forms on the outside of the meat, keeping it dry while it ages.
Fold the cheesecloth over both sides of the meat, bunch the cheesecloth up at both ends, and tie the ends into knots.
If possible, create a second knot at the top of the cheesecloth into which you can pry your hanging hook. , Especially if dealing with a rolled piece of meat, trussing will help the meat stay tightly rolled and keep its shape.
Use butcher's twine and simply tie off every inch until the length of the meat is trussed.
Remove any dangling pieces of twine with shears. , A walk-in refrigerator is ideal, being cool and dark, but anywhere that doesn't get a lot of light and doesn't exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) will work. , After you've removed the trussing and cheesecloth, cut thin slices of the cured meat and enjoy.
Store any cured meat you don't use immediately in a refrigerator. -
Step 3: trim off any excess fat
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Step 4: tendons
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Step 5: or meat.
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Step 6: For larger cuts of meat
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Step 7: consider stabbing the meat with a prong for better salt coverage.
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Step 8: Decide whether you want to cure with a pre-mixed curing salt or mix your own.
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Step 9: Use a ratio of 2:1000 sodium nitrite and salt
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Step 10: if mixing your own curing salt.
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Step 11: Mix up your spices along with your curing salt.
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Step 12: With your hands
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Step 13: rub the curing salt and and spice mix over the entire cut of meat.
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Step 14: Refrigerate the meat for 7 to 10 days.
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Step 15: After 7 to 10 days
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Step 16: remove from the refrigerator and rinse off all the salt/spice mix.
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Step 17: Roll up the meat (optional).
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Step 18: Wrap the meat in tightly cheesecloth.
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Step 19: Truss your meat to help it keep its shape while it ages (optional).
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Step 20: Label the meat and hang in a cool
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Step 21: dark place for anywhere from two weeks to two months.
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Step 22: Serve.
Detailed Guide
Ham is a popular choice for curing, but you can use anything from beef to venison and much more in between.
With a good piece of meat, you really can't go wrong, although the first-time curers might want to go with a more forgiving piece of meat, like pork belly or pork butt.
For the most part, use meats with whole muscle groups in their anatomical connection.
Pork loin and belly, beef hindquarter or brisket, mutton legs and even duck breast are popular cuts for dry-curing.
Say you're trying to make Capicola charcuterie.
You might buy a boneless pork shoulder, and then cut the picnic end of the pork shoulder from the pork butt, leaving you with two distinct cuts of meat.
You can then use the picnic end of the shoulder in a sausage, for example, and the butt in your dry-cure charcuterie. , You don't have to stab the meat before applying the dry rub, but for certain cuts of meat — larger cuts or cuts like pork belly, which are often covered with a lining of fat — stabbing the meat allows the salt and nitrite mix to penetrate deeper into the meat, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the cure. , Dry-curing with salt will sap away the moisture from the meat and intensify the flavor of the meat, but it still won't eliminate the possibility of botulism spores germinating.To combat botulism, sodium nitrite is often used in combination with salt as "curing salts," "Instacure #1," and "pink salts." Botulism is a dangerous illness characterized by paralysis and respiratory problems caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.Consult manufacturer's instructions for how much curing salt to use alongside regular salt.
Usually, a 10:90 ratio of pink salt to regular salt is called for.
If you are particular about exactly what goes into your cured meat, it might be best to add the sodium nitrite on your own. (See next step.) Most casual curers, however, will find it easiest to use pre-mixed curing salts, where they won't have to fuss with the ratio of salt to sodium nitrite.
Why are pink salts pink? Manufacturers of pink salt purposely dye the salt for cooks so that they don't confuse curing salt with regular salt.
That's because, in large quantities, sodium nitrite is toxic.Accidentally using pink salt instead of regular salt in your chicken soup, for example, could be very unfortunate.
The pink dye itself does not influence the final color of the cured meat; the sodium nitrite does. , If you want to make your own curing salts, be sure to nail the ratio of sodium nitrite to salt.
For every 2 grams (0.071Â oz) of sodium nitrite, for example, use 1,000 grams (35.3Â oz) of salt.
Another way to do this is to take the total weight of your salt, multiply it by .002, and use that much sodium nitrite in your mix. , Spices add a rich dimension of flavor to your cured meats.
While it's important not to get too carried away and spice the meat to oblivion, a good spice mix will intensify flavors and add distinct profiles to your cures.
In a small spice grinder, grind up your spices and add them to the curing salt/salt mixture.
Here are some suggestions for spices to use:
Peppercorns.
Black, green, or white are essential in most spice mixes.
There's a reason they call peppercorns the "master spice." Sugar.
A little Demerara sugar adds a touch of caramel sweetness to your cure.
Coriander and mustard seed.
Adds smokiness to the meat.
Star anise.
Silky and slightly sweet, a little bit goes a long way.
Slightly nutty.
Fennel seed.
Adds a pleasantly green or grassy dimension to the cure.
Citrus zest.
Adds a light, pleasantly acidic element that cuts through fattier pieces of meat. , Cover a tray with parchment and line the bottom generously with your curing salt and spice mix.
Place your meat on the bed of curing salt (fat side up, if appropriate) and cover the top of the meat with your remaining mix for equal coverage.
If desired, cover the top of the meat with another piece of parchment, then another tray, and finally a pair of bricks or another heavy object to weight the meat down.
Do not use metal trays for this step without parchment.
The metal reacts with the salt and sodium nitrite.
If using a metal tray for underlayment, always use a piece of parchment between it and the salt mix.
If you have a round piece of meat and want to keep it (more or less) round, you don't have to weight it down.
The salt will do its job naturally.
Weighting down is preferable for a pork belly, for example, that you later want to roll into shape. , Allow for adequate airflow by leaving at least a small portion of the meat uncovered.
After 7 to 10 days, a lot of the moisture should have been drawn out by the salt. , Under cold water, remove as much of the salt/spice mix as possible and allow to briefly air-dry over an elevated rack.
Take a paper towel, as insurance, and wipe away any excess moisture before proceeding to the next step. , Most cured meats will not need to be rolled into shape at this point, but some will.
If you're taking pork belly, for example, and trying to make pancetta, you want to start with a rectangular piece of pork belly and roll up the longer end very tightly.
The tighter the roll, the less space there is for mold or other bacteria to inhabit.
If you are rolling the cured meat, it helps to start with an even square or, usually, rectangle.
Cut off pieces of meat on all four sides until you have a neat rectangle.
Save the scraps for soups or render off the fat separately. , Tightly wrapping the meat in cheesecloth will help wick away any moisture that forms on the outside of the meat, keeping it dry while it ages.
Fold the cheesecloth over both sides of the meat, bunch the cheesecloth up at both ends, and tie the ends into knots.
If possible, create a second knot at the top of the cheesecloth into which you can pry your hanging hook. , Especially if dealing with a rolled piece of meat, trussing will help the meat stay tightly rolled and keep its shape.
Use butcher's twine and simply tie off every inch until the length of the meat is trussed.
Remove any dangling pieces of twine with shears. , A walk-in refrigerator is ideal, being cool and dark, but anywhere that doesn't get a lot of light and doesn't exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit (21 degrees Celsius) will work. , After you've removed the trussing and cheesecloth, cut thin slices of the cured meat and enjoy.
Store any cured meat you don't use immediately in a refrigerator.
About the Author
Raymond Ramos
Professional writer focused on creating easy-to-follow pet care tutorials.
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