How to Identify Hickory Nuts
Look for a woody outer shell, or husk., Measure the shells with a ruler., Examine the shape., Taste the nut meat., Look for a densely veined inner chamber., Learn about different hickory species., Identify shagbark hickory nuts., Identify southern...
Step-by-Step Guide
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Step 1: Look for a woody outer shell
Hickory nut husks are light green throughout the younger stages of development, then change to a dark brown upon maturity, before falling from the hickory tree. .
The texture of a hickory nutshell may be smooth, with minimal veining, or considerably irregular and furrowed.
Husks split open at the base once the fruit (nut) inside has fully ripened, although some species partially encapsulate the hickory nut even after splitting.
Husks vary in thickness from 2 mm to 9 mm, depending on the hickory nut species -
Step 2: or husk.
When separate from the husk, hickory nuts may measure anywhere between
0.5 inch (13 mm) and
2.56 inches (6.5 cm) long and equally as wide, depending on the species. , Look for circular, heart-shaped or oblong nuts that are either slightly flat or rounded.
Depending on the species, hickory nuts can have any of these shapes. , Several hickory species yield a sweet, edible meat, while others yield bitter meat that one should not eat. , The inside of a hickory nut's shell is veined, which can make it difficult to remove the nut meat. , The 16 species of hickories each product slightly different nuts.
Find out which species live in your area so you'll know exactly what to look for and you can determine whether the nuts you find are edible., You may find these nuts alone, or in a pair.
They may be anywhere from
1.2 inches (3 cm) to 2 inches (5 cm) long, and slightly less wide.
The brownish-black husk is a medium thickness, and easily splits open to reveal a light brown, heart-shaped, textured and thin-shelled fruit.
The kernel of the shagbark is brown and sweet. , The husk of a southern shagbark is
0.12 inch (3mm) to
0.35 inch (9mm) thick, and the egg-shaped shell is smooth, relatively thin and easy to crack open.
Southern shagbark nut meat is a light-brown color, and sweet to the taste. , The shell of a bitternut may be anywhere between
0.8 inch (2 cm) to
1.6 inches (4 cm) long.
It is a rounded, light-brown nut, enclosed in a thin, yellow-scaled husk.
The kernel of the bitternut is bitter, as the name suggests. , Pignuts generally mature to be about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long and
0.8 inch (2 cm) wide.
The husk is thin and dark brown, and must be split manually, as it rarely splits on its own.
The pear-shaped pignut shell is thick, smooth and grayish brown.
Pignut meat is bitter and slightly bland. , This nut measures approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) to
1.2 inches (3 cm) long and
0.8 inch (2 cm) wide.
The dark husk is about
0.08 inch (2 mm) thick and splits freely on its own to reveal a light brown, rounded and thin shell.
The meat of the red hickory is small and sweet. , This is the largest of the hickory nut species, growing to between
1.8 inches (4.5 cm) and
2.6 inches (6.5 cm) long, and
1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide.
The oval-shaped shell of the kingnut is very thick, light brown and slightly furrowed.
Because the shell is so thick, there is little room for the meat, which is sweet. , This is the smallest of the hickory nuts, averaging between
0.5 inch (13 mm) and
1.45 inches (37 mm) long.
The husk is light brown and thin, and splits only partially to reveal the shell, which is oval and slightly flattened, light in color, smooth, furry and relatively thin.
The kernel of the sand hickory is sweet. , The mockernut is 1 of the larger hickory nut species, growing anywhere between
1.5 inches (3.8 cm) and 2 inches (5 cm) long, and with a thick husk, between
0.12 inch (3 mm) and
0.24 inch (6 mm) thick.
The mockernut shell is rectangular in shape, reddish brown and smooth.
The meat is edible and sweet, but difficult to remove because of the thickness of the shell. , Hickory nuts that are ripe will blow off the tree in a brisk wind and land on the ground with the husks already open.
After you collect all the nuts you want, remove the husks and discard them. , Nut weevils bore holes in the shells of hickory nuts and eat the meat inside.
If you see small holes in the nuts, you might as well throw them away instead of taking the time to crack them; the meat is sure to be ruined by a grub., Most hickory nuts have tough shells that can't be cracked with a standard nutcracker.
You can buy a special cracker used for walnuts, use a vise, or crack them open with a rock.
Try not to damage the meat inside.
If you use the rock method, place a nut on a piece of flat concrete, then slam the nut with a wide rock until the shell cracks.
It's hand to use a nutcracker to finish the job once the shell is partially open.
You can save the shells and burn them along with wood to help a fire last longer. , Hand pick shards of shell from the nut meat, so you have a clean bowl of nut halves and pieces.
Try to save as much of the meat as you can. , Hickory nuts can be used the same way as any other type of nut.
Snack on them raw, use them in pies and baked goods, or try them roasted and salted.
If you're feeling adventurous, try making hickory nut butter.
Leftover hickory nuts should be kept in an airtight container in the refrigerator.
They will keep for a few months before rotting.
Or you can freeze the nuts for up to a year.
Pack them tightly in freezer-safe containers, removing as much of the air from the containers as possible.
Label the containers and store them in the freezer. -
Step 3: Measure the shells with a ruler.
-
Step 4: Examine the shape.
-
Step 5: Taste the nut meat.
-
Step 6: Look for a densely veined inner chamber.
-
Step 7: Learn about different hickory species.
-
Step 8: Identify shagbark hickory nuts.
-
Step 9: Identify southern shagbark hickory nuts.
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Step 10: Identify bitternut hickory nuts.
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Step 11: Identify pignut hickory nuts.
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Step 12: Identify red hickory nuts.
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Step 13: Identify kingnut
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Step 14: or shellbark hickory nuts.
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Step 15: Identify sand hickory nuts.
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Step 16: Identify mockernut hickory nuts.
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Step 17: Break off the husks.
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Step 18: Check the nuts for nut weevil infestation.
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Step 19: Crack the shells.
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Step 20: Pick the nuts.
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Step 21: Enjoy the nuts.
Detailed Guide
Hickory nut husks are light green throughout the younger stages of development, then change to a dark brown upon maturity, before falling from the hickory tree. .
The texture of a hickory nutshell may be smooth, with minimal veining, or considerably irregular and furrowed.
Husks split open at the base once the fruit (nut) inside has fully ripened, although some species partially encapsulate the hickory nut even after splitting.
Husks vary in thickness from 2 mm to 9 mm, depending on the hickory nut species
When separate from the husk, hickory nuts may measure anywhere between
0.5 inch (13 mm) and
2.56 inches (6.5 cm) long and equally as wide, depending on the species. , Look for circular, heart-shaped or oblong nuts that are either slightly flat or rounded.
Depending on the species, hickory nuts can have any of these shapes. , Several hickory species yield a sweet, edible meat, while others yield bitter meat that one should not eat. , The inside of a hickory nut's shell is veined, which can make it difficult to remove the nut meat. , The 16 species of hickories each product slightly different nuts.
Find out which species live in your area so you'll know exactly what to look for and you can determine whether the nuts you find are edible., You may find these nuts alone, or in a pair.
They may be anywhere from
1.2 inches (3 cm) to 2 inches (5 cm) long, and slightly less wide.
The brownish-black husk is a medium thickness, and easily splits open to reveal a light brown, heart-shaped, textured and thin-shelled fruit.
The kernel of the shagbark is brown and sweet. , The husk of a southern shagbark is
0.12 inch (3mm) to
0.35 inch (9mm) thick, and the egg-shaped shell is smooth, relatively thin and easy to crack open.
Southern shagbark nut meat is a light-brown color, and sweet to the taste. , The shell of a bitternut may be anywhere between
0.8 inch (2 cm) to
1.6 inches (4 cm) long.
It is a rounded, light-brown nut, enclosed in a thin, yellow-scaled husk.
The kernel of the bitternut is bitter, as the name suggests. , Pignuts generally mature to be about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long and
0.8 inch (2 cm) wide.
The husk is thin and dark brown, and must be split manually, as it rarely splits on its own.
The pear-shaped pignut shell is thick, smooth and grayish brown.
Pignut meat is bitter and slightly bland. , This nut measures approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) to
1.2 inches (3 cm) long and
0.8 inch (2 cm) wide.
The dark husk is about
0.08 inch (2 mm) thick and splits freely on its own to reveal a light brown, rounded and thin shell.
The meat of the red hickory is small and sweet. , This is the largest of the hickory nut species, growing to between
1.8 inches (4.5 cm) and
2.6 inches (6.5 cm) long, and
1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide.
The oval-shaped shell of the kingnut is very thick, light brown and slightly furrowed.
Because the shell is so thick, there is little room for the meat, which is sweet. , This is the smallest of the hickory nuts, averaging between
0.5 inch (13 mm) and
1.45 inches (37 mm) long.
The husk is light brown and thin, and splits only partially to reveal the shell, which is oval and slightly flattened, light in color, smooth, furry and relatively thin.
The kernel of the sand hickory is sweet. , The mockernut is 1 of the larger hickory nut species, growing anywhere between
1.5 inches (3.8 cm) and 2 inches (5 cm) long, and with a thick husk, between
0.12 inch (3 mm) and
0.24 inch (6 mm) thick.
The mockernut shell is rectangular in shape, reddish brown and smooth.
The meat is edible and sweet, but difficult to remove because of the thickness of the shell. , Hickory nuts that are ripe will blow off the tree in a brisk wind and land on the ground with the husks already open.
After you collect all the nuts you want, remove the husks and discard them. , Nut weevils bore holes in the shells of hickory nuts and eat the meat inside.
If you see small holes in the nuts, you might as well throw them away instead of taking the time to crack them; the meat is sure to be ruined by a grub., Most hickory nuts have tough shells that can't be cracked with a standard nutcracker.
You can buy a special cracker used for walnuts, use a vise, or crack them open with a rock.
Try not to damage the meat inside.
If you use the rock method, place a nut on a piece of flat concrete, then slam the nut with a wide rock until the shell cracks.
It's hand to use a nutcracker to finish the job once the shell is partially open.
You can save the shells and burn them along with wood to help a fire last longer. , Hand pick shards of shell from the nut meat, so you have a clean bowl of nut halves and pieces.
Try to save as much of the meat as you can. , Hickory nuts can be used the same way as any other type of nut.
Snack on them raw, use them in pies and baked goods, or try them roasted and salted.
If you're feeling adventurous, try making hickory nut butter.
Leftover hickory nuts should be kept in an airtight container in the refrigerator.
They will keep for a few months before rotting.
Or you can freeze the nuts for up to a year.
Pack them tightly in freezer-safe containers, removing as much of the air from the containers as possible.
Label the containers and store them in the freezer.
About the Author
Eric Turner
A seasoned expert in education and learning, Eric Turner combines 5 years of experience with a passion for teaching. Eric's guides are known for their clarity and practical value.
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